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RCI proceedings: Facing up to the truth of where Malaysians come from

Commentary

malaysia-populationThe pro-Umno author and blogger Syed Akbar Ali, in a post critiquing the Royal Commission of Inquiry on illegal immigrants in Sabah, has argued that it would not be out of place to have a Royal Commission of Inquiry to investigate why one million immigrants who were mostly Chinese and Indians were given citizenship in Malaya in the 1950s (see his post of 17 Jan 2013).

According to him, “surely there must be at least five million Malays on the Peninsula today who may be wondering why or how that particular incident happened? Were they consulted? Was there a public referendum?”

He also asserted that “Let’s not argue about the fairness. Let’s have a RCI first on the issue – how and why 1.0 million Chinese and Indians (including my mamak gang of course) were given citizenship.”

He may have made his proposal provocatively or tongue-in-cheek but a variant of it has appeared as one of the lines of defence used by the former prime minister in justifying the distribution of identity cards to foreigners and their registration as voters in Sabah. According to Dr Mahathir Mohamed , “One should also look back and remember that Tunku Abdul Rahman was worse than me, he gave one million to citizenships to people who are not qualified and not even tested”.

“Why is it when he does it, it is not wrong, and when I do it, it’s wrong?” he asked.

Dr Mahathir’s response has drawn widespread derision since his remarks have appeared in the Internet media. His was not only a shallow attempt to divert attention away from his role in this unconstitutional operation by playing up to the chauvinistic feelings of the Malay audience. He also chose to malign a deceased prime minister in his attempt to get off the hook for masterminding the massive influx of illegal immigrants into Sabah.

There is no comparison between the widely-publicized citizenship deal for non-Malay residents who became citizens of the country based on the principle of jus soli and the surreptitious citizenship-gifting racket that Mahathir and his gang ran.

One was open, transparent and agreed to by all the major political stakeholders in the country, including the Rulers. The other was underhand, opaque, known to only a small group of conspirators and objectionable to the citizens of Sabah and the country as a whole.

For anyone to suggest that this recent (and other similar) political gifting of citizenship is equivalent to that which was carefully negotiated to secure our independence is to scale new heights of political expediency, if not idiocy.

It is necessary amidst the scorn poured on Dr Mahathir to note that he is correct in pointing out that the inflow of people from the southern Philippines into Sabah is not a recent phenomenon. The free movement of people in that region is indeed part of a long historical trend.

But this free movement was ended by the establishment of the two new nation states –Malaysia and the Philippines. As a key figure in protecting our national interest – a responsibility which he swore to uphold when he accepted the position of prime minister – Mahathir should be the first to recognize the difference between the unrestricted movement of people during the pre-colonial and pre-Independence period and the illegal influx that he authorized.

The RCI hearing may yet bring out new discouraging disclosures on the way the former prime minister abused his power to ensure a decisive electoral advantage for the Barisan Nasional and how he sought to prolong his rule over the country by unfair means.

While we may not be able to do anything to revoke the illegal citizenship papers provided to non-Malaysians by the Mahathir regime, amidst all the gloom however, there is perhaps one positive development that we might console ourselves with. This is that we are indeed a nation of migrants with the latest large scale influx of Indonesians, Filipinos and other non-Malaysia migrants – illegal or otherwise – adding to the diversity of the country.

Nearly 80 years ago, R. Emerson, in his classic work, Malaysia: A Study in Direct and Indirect Rule, noted the large size of alien communities as “an admirable index of the extent to which the Malayan way of life has been superseded by the new economy” (Pustaka Ilmu edition, University of Malaya Press, 1964, p.195)

From his table derived from the Census Report, 1931, we can see that “other Malaysians” comprised close to 10% of the population of the Unfederated Malay States (UMS) and Federated Malay States (FMS).

The census at that time had defined “other Malaysians” as covering “immigrant peoples from the Archipelago, ethnographically akin but politically alien to the Malays of the Peninsula, and “aboriginals ethnographically far removed from the Malays but more truly ‘people of the country’ than any other race – in fact the only autochthonous population”.

It is irrefutable fact that a large proportion of the country’s now politically and statistically defined indigenous Malay population migrated to Malaya at the same time or perhaps even later than the immigrants from China and India.

The demographic record is that the Malay Peninsula was thinly populated by Orang Asli and native Malays for a long period of time. Beginning from the late nineteenth century onwards, economic development of the country accelerated with the establishment of British colonial rule. This economic development was the catalyst for the large scale arrival of Chinese, Indians, and migrants from other parts of the Malay Archipelago – notably Sumatra and Java.

Whatever the findings of the RCI, we must realize that all these migrant streams – past and recent – have contributed to our country and deserve their place in the sun.

Population of Malaya, 1931

Total

Europeans

Malays

Other Malaysians

Chinese

Indians

Johore

505,311

722

113,247

121, 175

215,076

51,038

Kedah

429,691

411

279,897

6,365

78,415

50,824

Perlis

49,296

3

39,716

115

6,500

966

Kelantan

362,517

124

327,097

3677

17,612

6,752

Trengganu

179,789

35

163,955

609

13,254

1,371

UMS

1,526,604

1,295

923,912

131,941

330,857

110,951

FMS

1,713,096

6,350

443,618

150,113

711,540

379,996

*Unfederated Malay States (UMS) and Federated Malay States (FMS)

Comments (8)
  • Sri  - Sabah=Bangladash

    Current situation in Sabah can explode into "Civil" war as claimed by the leader of armed invader in the state of Sabah. If we look at event developments after independent from British in Pakistan, it is possible. Then Pakistan consisted of West and East Pakistan, with the central government in West Pakistan. In 1971 India helped East Pakistan to become Bangladash in the war with Pakistan.
    Sabah is now populated with more Muslim than other religious groups. Their number keeps on increasing, with the policy/mentality of Malaysian Central government of "orang kita, dan beragama kita". But all along the muslim population in the regions near Sabah have no belonging to no where. They could be Philippine, Indonesia or by themselves. The weak central government in West Malaysia is interested, most of the time, in peninsular Malaysia affairs, rather than the East malaysian affairs.This make the east Malaysian more alienated, aggravated by no development since joining Malaya as Malaysia.
    Up to now, the central government has no concrete plan what is to be done with this group of armed invaded, partly because this invaders are "orang kita, beragama kita" and partly because of coming GE. I believe even there is a settlement in this matter, there will be no end to the occasional invasion again and again; thereby develop into "civil" war to exert influence on the poor people of Sabah.
    Coincidnety, election must be held this year. The agenda is, to UMNO, survival in this election. Malaysian,generally, can only guess on what is being done to solve this invasion. Why UMNO takes so long to decide to flush out the invader so late. This emboldens the invader. It could be a test to see how the West central government's reaction for future bigger plan to lay claim on Sabah. For UMNO, now, of course, winning election is far more impoertant than solving this mess of intrusion by armed group. UMNO is scheming and manupulating this invasion to their advantage; thereby exposing their weakness in dealing with this invasion. The future for Sabah is bleak and miserable.

  • Dingy  - retired teacher

    While Najib wants to be popular with all races, to rural Malays, he and BN leaders spoke of Anwar destroying Malay unity. One would think because of level of mentality of rural folks, they would accept such argument. I forward letters from Din American recently to those in my mailing list. A teacher from SMK Alam Shah replied advising me not to divide the Malays who live peacefully for 55 years. No reason given. He further advised that if I'm not happy with the present govt, then I shld consider migrating. If educated people like this teacher believed in what Najib told to rural folks, how can Malaysia hope to achieve high income level in 2020? He talks of Malay unity instead of 1Malaysia. It's still a long way for this country to think as one in national unity.

  • doist kuek  - RCI and current situation in Sabah.

    Let us picture this way and I would expect this is the best solution to current situation in Sabah where intruders are now in the state. The Home Minister in front row, wearing customery Malay apparrel as in UMNO assembly, holding a kris in his right hand. Row two are the retired "heroic" soldiers, as expected their butts facing the intruder. Third row lining behind are all supporters or best still UMNO members. TV1 crews stand by ! As the HM unsheaths his kris and shouts "I will bathe my sword with blood" and at the same time, the retired "heroic" soldiers shake their butts as they would to the intruders just like they did to the Indian lady and the third row shout the religious slogan. TV1 captures the scene to be aired for greater Malaysian to watch/witness later. I'm absolutely sure these intruders will run and shit at the same time. See, not even a bullet is used. Oh ! am I imagine to far !

  • doist kuek  - Neighbourliness

    It is very difficult to fathom that Malay and Chinese had been living together for so many years in Malaya and now Malaysia and yet every time it is the Chinese who are asked to speak Malay. Granted that Malay Language is the National Language, I just wonder how many Malays can speak Chinese dialect ! I sincerely hope that I am not being slammed as a racist. Had this been thought of by Malay in Malaysia that they could not understand Chines diatects or speak it ? Since we are neighbour, it is proper that each could speak one another's language. Imagine the benefit neighbour could gain from speaking one another's language. Many Chinese in Malaysia, some how could speak a little or pazzar Malay language and be understood by Malay. But on the other hand, can Malay speak any of the Chinese dialects ? Who is the winner in better understanding of the others. It is better not to emphasize the difference but display more similarity. For those Malay who went/visited mainland China, I believe they understand what I'm saying.

  • Siva

    a well made point supported by data on the external origins of many of our so-called Bumi population. Many of these communities of Sumatrans, Javanese, etc are recent migrants to Malaysia. It is nonsensical to provide these newcomers with more rights than long established non-Malays simply on the basis of a so-called common religion and culture. This appalling injustice should not be allowed to continue. Hopefully the RCI can address some of these concerns noted by Dr. Lim

  • bert gabriel

    No comments for now. Making research.
    What does UMNO stands for.
    What is the status of Sabah and Sarawak? Do the people of these two states want to break away from federated malaysia.

  • kampong lad  - rci proseedings

    when we cannot choose our parents, siblings & relatives, how could we question the pre-merdeka citizenship process. sabah rci is about us (read mahathir) 'making babies'. this is a valid question.

  • Tim

    Mahathir has forgotten that without the event of "one million immigrants who were mostly Chinese and Indians were given citizenship in Malaya", his parents would not have become Malaysians (having immigrated from Kerala) and he would never have been able to have the opportunity to deny his own heritage.

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