In the paper, ‘feminist’ refers simply to someone who is aware of the subordinate social position of women in his/her society and attempts to do something to reduce the gender inequity. Even from this definition, it is evident that Khadijah and Fatimah would not see eye to eye as to the evaluation of the women’s situation in this country as well as appropriate means to rectify it, hence the interest in comparing them. The only one common point that they share is that both of them had occupied the position of Ketua Kaum Ibu of UMNO, from 1954-56 for Khadijah Sidek and 1956-1972 for Fatimah Hashim respectively.  Publication: 4th International Malaysian Studies Conference; 3-5 August 2004, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.  Author: Ting, Helen.

This article presents information about urban landownership in Southeast Asian cities. The control over urban land, the exertion of property rights also means control over the reproduction of labor power. Ownership of urban land is, therefore, also ownership of the means of production. In the same way as rural land is the base for the production of food, urban land is the base for the production of living space. Despite the importance of the topic, data on urban landownership are extremely rare. This contrasts sharply with research on land tenure in rural areas. Theories and studies on landlords and peasants abound and very sophisticated schemes have been developed to deal with land tenure systems and with conflicts arising out of land concentration. Conflict between landlords and squatters is frequent but also rural urban migrants compete among themselves for urban land to be able to take part in the higher income opportunities that, in their perception, exist in third world cities.

This paper will introduce a representative research carried out in 2000 on 507 mak nyah respondents on their characteristics. It will show that mak nyahs share basic characteristics with other transsexual identities in the region and throughout the world. This phenomenon cannot be explained socially as perceived by the general public. Most researchers accept that it could be due to both biological and social factors. Finally, this paper will discuss what should and could we do with this marginalized community.   Publication/Conference: 4th International Malaysian Studies Conference; 3-5 August 2004, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.   Author: TEH, Yik Koon.